Forging materials are mainly carbon steel and alloy steel, followed by aluminum, magnesium, copper, titanium and their alloys. The original state of materials includes bar, ingot, metal powder and liquid metal. The ratio of the cross-sectional area of the metal before deformation to that after deformation is called the forging ratio. Correct selection of forging ratio, reasonable heating temperature and holding time, reasonable initial forging temperature and final forging temperature, reasonable deformation amount and speed are closely related to improving product quality and reducing cost.
Generally speaking, small and medium-sized forgings use round or square bars as blanks. The grain structure and mechanical properties of the bar are uniform, the shape and size are accurate, the surface quality is good, and mass production is convenient. As long as the heating temperature and deformation conditions are reasonably controlled, forgings with excellent performance can be forged without large forging deformation.